SNAKE VENOM,TYPES AND MEDICINAL USES

 There are about 3000 different species of snake which about 600 are venomous.These snake venom's that makes these species so dangerous are made up of hundreds of different types of peptides,enzymes and toxins.

TYPES OF SNAKE VENOMS

There are three main types of snake venom

HEMOTOXIN

Hemotoxin targets circulatory system and prevents clotting compounds from functioning correctly which causes profuse bleeding. Hemotoxin includes Cobra,Copperhead and Cotton mouths.

NEUROTOXIN

Neurotoxin target the central nervous system that stops musculer form working,ultimately leading suffocation. Venom made of neurotoxins is very deadly, as the proteins within can distrupt the channels that allow ions to flow across neuron membranes If these communication channels are distrupted the entire body system can crash, leading to immediate death.Neurotoxic venom include ,sea snakes,kraits and coral snakes.

CYTOTOXIN

Cytotoxic snake venoms target species cellular and muscular sites.Cytotoxic components are specifically toxic to the heart.They bind to particular sites on the surface of musicale cells and cause depolarisation.The toxin prevents muscles contraction.These toxin prevents muscle contraction.These toxins may cause the heart to beat irregularly or stop breathing,causig death.


MEDICINAL USES OF SNAKE VENOM

SNAKE ANTIVENOM

Snake antivenom is a medication made up of antibodies used to treat snake bites by venomous snakes.It is a type of antivenom.It is a biological product that typically consists of venom neutralizing antibodies derived from host animal, such as a horse or sheep. The host animal is immunized one or more snake venoms,a process which creates an immunological response that produce large numbers of neutralizing antibodies against various components(toxins) of venom. The antibodies are then collected from the host animal, and further processed into snake antivenom for the treatment of envenomation.

DRUG DELIVERY

Snake venoms are also discovered and developed as drug leads in the mordent drug industry.For example,Captopril was the first angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor approved in 1981 by FAD for the treatment of hypertension and some types of congestive heart failure.Captopril was actually designed based on BPP5a,a bradykinin.Pentapeptide isolated from venoms of Bothrops jararaca.

CANCER THERAPY
There are many published studies describing and elucidating the anti-cancer potential of snake venom cancer therapy is one of the main areas of the use of protein,peptides and enzymes originating from animals of different species.Some these proteinsor peptides and enzymes evaluated may bind specifically to cancer cell membrane ,affecting the migration and proliferation of these cells.Some of substance found in the snake venom present a great potential as anti-tumor agent.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVIT

Antimicrobial factors are used for the treatment of microbe infection such as virus,protozoa,bacteria and fungi.Many antimicrobial studies show that  a large number of snake venom components of antibacterial properties,to include L-amino acid oxidase and PLA2 that hydrolyze phospholipids and could possible act on the bacterial cell surface Such snake venom PLA2 has purified from the venom of Bothrops species.

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